However, Alexander was controversial among some mainstream architects and critics, in part because his work was often harshly critical of much of contemporary architectural theory and practice. In architecture, Alexander's work is used by a number of different contemporary architectural communities of practice, including the New Urbanist movement, to help people to reclaim control over their own built environment. In his view, this provides an intellectual basis for a new architecture and enables one to ask precise questions about what must be done to create more life in our world. Alexander's work has also influenced the development of agile software development. In Book One, The Phenomenon of Life, Alexander (2002a) proposes a scientific view of the world in which all space-matter has perceptible degrees of life. The first wiki-the technology behind Wikipedia-led directly from Alexander's work, according to its creator, Ward Cunningham. In software, Alexander is regarded as the father of the pattern language movement. Alexander designed and personally built over 100 buildings, both as an architect and a general contractor. His theories about the nature of human-centered design have affected fields beyond architecture, including urban design, software, and sociology. He was an emeritus professor at the University of California, Berkeley. Christopher Wolfgang John Alexander (4 October 1936 – 17 March 2022) was an Austrian-born British-American architect and design theorist.
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